1·The village handicraftsman lost their previous independence of the form of operation, they attached to the buyer-up directly or indirectly in many ways, such as capitals, materials and market.
乡村手工业者丧失了先前的经营独立性，他们或直接、或间接，自觉与不自觉地在资本、原料、原料供应与产品销售等多方面陷于对包买主的依附之中。