1·Bones: malleus, incus, stapes.
锤骨，砧骨，镫骨。
2·The arterial supply of incudostapedial joint and the distal portion of the incuscomes from the vessels passing to them from the stapes rather than from the incudalsource.
关于砧镫关节及砧骨长脚下部的血供，来自镫骨方面的动脉多于砧骨方面的动脉。
3·The posterior arch of stapes was situated in the prozone of scala.
镫骨后弓相当于鼓阶的前界。
4·Objective: For the purpose of improving patient's hearing in stapes elevation surgery.
目的：探求进一步提高镫骨提高术疗效的途径。
5·The stapes muscle reflex was absent;
镫骨肌反射引不出；