1·Exotic pests are more efficient than most abiotic disturbances.
外来有害生物比大多数非生物干扰更有效。
2·Short-term effects include the disturbances directly associated with the action of the pest, which may cause the defoliation, loss of vigor, or death of trees.
短期影响包括与害虫活动直接相关的干扰，可能导致树木落叶、失去活力或死亡。
3·They discovered something startling: that beyond a certain threshold, increasing the connectivity would suddenly decrease the ability of the system to rebound after disturbances.
他们发现了惊奇的一幕：超过某一临界值，增加关联会使系统能力突然降低，并在干扰后反弹。
4·Perhaps some of our readers may ask here, whether in course of time these disturbances will become so great as to throw our whole solar system into confusion?
说到这里，也许一些读者会想，这种干扰会不会变得越来越强，以至于最终使我们的太阳系乱套成为一片混沌呢？
5·Forests need to be managed so that risks and impacts of unwanted disturbances are minimized, including wildfires, airborne pollution, storm felling, invasive species, pests, diseases and insects.
森林需要管理，以尽量减少不良干扰的风险和影响，包括野火、空气污染、风暴倒林、入侵品种、害虫、病害和昆虫。