1·Without stirrups horse and rider are, in terms of force, separate entities; lances can be used from horseback, but only by throwing or stabbing, and mounted warriors gain only height and mobility.
没有马镫，马和骑手在力量上是独立的实体；长枪可以从马背上使用，但只能通过投掷或刺杀，骑兵只能获得高度和机动性。
2·It's cut short and has stirrups that loop over the feet, creating a stretch that stresses the legs and pulls slightly at the shoulders.
这是种剪短设计，有一个马镫形支架包裹着脚部，并延伸至肩部拉紧。
3·English saddles are very small: they have no saddle horn, and the stirrups are smaller than those on Western saddles.
英式马鞍非常小：它没有桩头（可能是专有名词），马镫也比西式马鞍的要小。
4·Saddles, Stirrups and Spurs - Preparedness for active service.
坐鞍、马镫和长筒靴子刺-时刻筹办活跃的军人。